Taylor is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population at the 2020 Census was 16,267, up from 15,191 as of 2010. In 1876…Taylor is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population at the 2020 Census was 16,267, up from 15,191 as of 2010. In 1876, the Texas Land Company auctioned lots in anticipation of the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad when Taylor was founded that year. The city was named after Edward Moses Taylor, a railroad official, under the name Taylorsville, which officially became Taylor in 1892. Immigrants from Moravia and Bohemia and other Slavic states, as well as from Germany and Austria, helped establish the town. It soon became a busy shipping point for cattle, grain, and cotton.