Anderson is a city in Madison County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Madison County. The population was 54,788 at the 20…Anderson is a city in Madison County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Madison County. The population was 54,788 at the 2020 census. It is named after Chief William Anderson. The city is the headquarters of the Church of God and its Anderson University. Highlights of the city include the historic Paramount Theatre and the Gruenewald House.