Peebles is a village in Adams County, Ohio, United States. It is 64 miles east of Cincinnati. The population was 1,774 at the 2020 census. Peebles was founded in 1881 with the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named for John G. Peebles, who was instrumental in bringing the railroad to the settlement. That railroad was the Cincinnati & Eastern …Peebles is a village in Adams County, Ohio, United States. It is 64 miles east of Cincinnati. The population was 1,774 at the 2020 census. Peebles was founded in 1881 with the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named for John G. Peebles, who was instrumental in bringing the railroad to the settlement. That railroad was the Cincinnati & Eastern Railroad, today the Cincinnati Eastern Railroad.