The heads of Georgetown, the City University of New York and the University of California, Berkeley, pushed back against lawmakers who said they had not done enough to make Jewish students safe.

If somebody is expressing pro-Palestinian beliefs, that’s not necessarily antisemitic,’ the UC Berkeley chancellor said.

The leaders of three U.S. universities testified before a House of Representatives panel on Tuesday about what they have done to combat antisemitism on campus, saying they were committed to stamping out hatred while protecting academic freedom.