A new study from Northwestern University has provided insight into how dopamine, a neurotransmitter often associated with reward, also plays a critical role in helping animals avoid harm. The research ...

Dopamine signals in different parts of the brain rise and fall in complex patterns as animals learn to avoid danger Findings shed light on why the ‘dopamine detox’ trend is too simplistic First study ...

WASHINGTON — "Please don't call on me" can be a pervasive thought by students who are not doing well in math class. By early adolescence, it is common for some students to become experts in avoidance ...