A signed bipartite graph G(U,V) is a bipartite graph in which each edge is assigned a positive or a negative sign. The signed degree of a vertex x in G(U, V) is the number of positive edges incident ...

In this paper, we study the spectral radius of bipartite graphs. Let 𝐺 be a bipartite graph with 𝑒 edges without isolated vertices. It was known that the spectral radius of 𝐺 is at most the square ...

Commutative algebra and graph theory are two vibrant areas of mathematics that have grown increasingly interrelated. At this interface, algebraic methods are applied to study combinatorial structures, ...