Everything we can see and touch, and quite a lot that we can’t as well, is made of tiny particles called atoms. Some substances, like particles of this iron, contain only one kind of atom. Iron is an ...

Chemical reactions occur when elements or compounds combine and create new compounds. Elements are substances that contain only one type of atom and are represented by unique symbols on the periodic ...

THE merits of a book on atomic and molecular structure can be judged by a very simple test. If the book merely gives an account of the personal views and impressions of the author, in the form of a ...

In a recently published article in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" (PNAS), the scientists look back to the beginnings of the periodic system, whose structure is characterized by ...

Vol. 73, No. 5, Proceedings of the 2004 Biennial Meeting of The Philosophy of Science AssociationPart II: Symposia PapersEdited by Miriam Solomon (December 2006), pp. 864-875 (12 pages) In this ...

New research reveals that nickel and urea once throttled Earth’s earliest oxygen producers, delaying the planet’s ...

You may have noticed that the rock formations are very different colors. The rock formations on the left are from Red Rock State Park in Texas, and on the right is El Capitan Mountain in Yosemite ...