Due to their versatility, ease of design, and low cost, flyback converters have become one of the most widely used topologies in power electronics. Its structure derives from one of the three basic ...

PID control is the gold standard for most moving machines, and quite adequate in most applications that require closed-loop control. However, it's vulnerable to disturbances, and tuning can be tedious ...

The goal of controlling a system is to reach or retain stability. In control theory, stability is described with the Lyapunov stability criteria and mathematical models that set into relation the ...

Average current-mode control (CMC) requires that the total waveform of the current be reconstructed for the control loop. This article presents the steps required to select the transformer and how to ...

It is now practical to write software for real-time systems long before the actual computer hardware is sitting in a physical prototype. In today’s world it is rare to find electromechanical devices ...

How the challenges of electric-motor control design can be overcome using digital twins in all design and test phases. How automated testing within a continuous and integrated toolchain is able to ...

When it comes to process-control systems, reliability is crucial and failure can be costly or dangerous. A combination of good design practices, component selection, and testing can enhance ...