A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

Many precision current source designs are available, but simple arithmetic for component values to tailor them for an ...

It isn’t unusual to expect a precisely regulated voltage in an electronic project, but what about times when you need a precise current? Over on EDN, prolific [Stephen Woodward] explains how ...

Current source inverters and converters represent a crucial class of power electronics devices that convert direct current from a constant current source into alternating currents with precise control ...

Download this article in PDF format. When you connect the gate to the source of a JFET (junction field-effect transistor), it becomes a two-terminal current source. The current that will flow is ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.

Q. How is the conductor ampacity for photovoltaic (PV) circuits calculated? A. PV circuit conductors must be sized to the larger of 690.8(B)(2)(a) or 690.8(B)(2)(b). Sizing according to 690.8(B)(2)(a) ...

Part II of Art. 690 provides the circuit requirements for PV systems. The first requirement it covers is the maximum PV system direct-current (DC) circuit voltage. This value is used when selecting ...