Many physical platforms, including photons, ions, atoms, solid state and superconducting devices, and nuclear magnetic resonance 1, are being explored with the view of constructing a quantum computer.

Introduction to probability theory and its applications. Axioms of probability, distributions, discrete and continuous random variables, conditional and joint distributions, correlation, limit laws, ...

A random variable that can take only a certain specified set of individual possible values-for example, the positive integers 1, 2, 3, . . . For example, stock prices are discrete random variables, ...