Expected value calculates average future investment returns based on outcome probabilities. In finance, expected value guides portfolio construction and when to sell assets with lower future value.

What if I say that starting a business is unnatural? The venture is always risky, and we’re so good at avoiding risks: Some say it's just the way our brains are wired. Fear of loss may be primal and ...

"Calibration Dilemmas in the Ethics of Distribution" This paper presents a new kind of problem in the ethics of distribution. The problem takes the form of several "calibration dilemmas," in which ...