Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 118, No. 36 (September 7, 2021), pp. 1-10 (10 pages) Minimally evolved codes are constructed here; these have ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...

I know, I know—there appear to be a million codon table apps out there. However, I give the Genetic Code app by iVanta credit for its many graphical representations of codons. Users can view the codon ...

Genes are the building blocks of life, and the genetic code provides the instructions for the complex processes that make organisms function. But how and why did it come to be the way it is? A recent ...

In a giant feat of genetic engineering, scientists have created bacteria that make proteins in a radically different way than all natural species do. By Carl Zimmer At the heart of all life is a code.

Synthetic bacteria with expanded genetic codes can evolve proteins in the laboratory with enhanced properties using mechanisms that might not be possible with nature's 20 amino acid building blocks.