Figure 3 The target step-function is a logistic curve; a segment of a cosine is shown for comparison. In Part 1, we tried to get closer to a normal distribution curve by some extra squashing of our ...

A normal distribution curve, anywhere on which you might end up for any given nootropic Source: Photo from Iamnee/Adobe stock, used with permission ...

Because the normal distribution is well understood and well documented, you can look up in a table how large the ratio must be to reach the 5 percent threshold (or any other threshold).