Compare inheritance and composition, the two fundamental ways to relate Java classes, then practice debugging ClassCastExceptions in Java inheritance.

Because all exception classes ultimately derive from Throwable (in the java.lang package), Object declares finalize() with a throws Throwable clause appended to its method header.

switch statement expressions; and sealed classes. Java Records One knock about the Java programming language is its needless verbosity and ceremony, especially compared to other programming languages ...

Notice that a lot of the statements in Java use periods in this way too (like System.out.println). This is because classes in Java are absolutely fundamental to the way it works.

Java 16 Stream API provides new methods for commonly used terminal operations and help reduce boilerplate code clutter Record is a new Java 16 language feature to concisely define data-only classes.

Sander Mak discusses some of the new and preview features in Java 16: API updates, records, pattern matching, and sealed classes.