Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine primarily produced by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It plays a central role in immune ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Immune cells called monocytes produce a key inflammatory protein called interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) through an unconventional pathway in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly referred to ...