During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...

Advanced packaging is transforming semiconductor manufacturing into a multi-dimensional challenge, blending 2D front-end wafer fabrication with 2.5D/3D assemblies, high-frequency device ...

I recently surveyed the on-site development of the control system for a large concentrated solar power station. This “first of a kind” facility offered many control challenges, such as balancing heat ...

Advanced process control (APC) has incorporated and will continue to incorporate new technologies and methodologies that allow refiners and petrochemical plant operators to achieve and sustain ...

The two most common categories of process responses in industrial manufacturing processes are self-regulating and integrating. A self-regulating process response to a step input change is ...

DuPont is a big proponent of the digital twin, wherein all the elements and dynamics of physical plant assets can be replicated in software for process assessment and optimization and operator ...