Most problems can be solved by many different algorithms, each with its own demands on time and space. Complexity theorists sort problems into categories, called complexity classes, based on the ...

Think of the block universe, which is supported by Einstein's theory of relativity, as a four-dimensional space-time structure where time is like space, in that every event has its own coordinates ...

Google's new multi-vector retrieval algorithm (MUVERA) improves search speed and performs better on complex queries.

In loop quantum gravity, space and time are not smooth and continuous the way they are in general relativity. Instead they are made of discrete components—what Ashtekar calls “chunks or atoms ...

Seventy years after the invention of a data structure called a hash table, theoreticians have found the most efficient possible configuration for it.