Separating interface from implementation has many practical benefits. Here’s a simple way to do just that, in ANSI-standard C code. How do you organize medium-sized or larger C programs? Few C ...

From our study of C++, it should be clear that, unlike class encapsulation and single inheritance, which were essentially free in C, polymorphism in C involves some complexity and overhead. In the ...

Programming C without variables is like, well, programming C without variables. They are so essential to the language that it doesn’t even require an analogy here. We can declare and use them as ...

How Rust supports objects. What are Rust’s traits? Cross-language interface challenges. C++ and Java follow a traditional object-oriented programming (OOP) approach that uses a hierarchical class ...

Computer programs can use data, evaluate if-then conditions on the data and use extremely fast iterative loops to perform these functions. In software programs, these functions get organized into ...

The C programming language has been alive and kicking since 1972, and it still reigns as one of the essential building blocks of our software-studded world. But what about the dozens of newer ...

The operations that may be performed on an ADT completely depend on the ADT’s purpose. For example, an ADT for a stack might include operations such as initialization, pushing data, popping data, ...