Urine crystals form when there are too many minerals in a person’s urine. Crystals in urine may cause no symptoms or may include lower back pain and nausea. When there is an excessive buildup of one ...

The controversies which, in the past, have A characterized the experimental literature on the nature of renal function have resulted in large part from lack of information concerning the composition ...

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity of a fluid. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, whereas a pH result below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Urine has the widest ...