This article was originally published on Built In by Eric Kleppen. Variance is a powerful statistic used in data analysis and machine learning. It is one of the four main measures of variability along ...

Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, Certified Financial Education Instructor, and researcher who has assisted thousands of clients over a more than two-decade career. She is the CEO of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Variance swaps have been popular among sophisticated investors such as hedge funds and bank prop desks in recent years. The products grant investors a payout equal to the difference between realised ...

An important part of the identification and diagnostic checking of space-time ARMA models is the evaluation of the significance of the autocorrelations of the observations and residuals, respectively.

We show that the class of L² functions for which ergodic averages of a reversible Markov chain have finite asymptotic variance is determined by the class of L² functions for which ergodic averages of ...

After a few days of confusion over a new state guidance that temporarily barred outdoor dining in Alameda County, the state has granted the county a regional variance that will allow the county's ...