Eliminating software adjustments in circuits based on digital logic improves robustness and reduces cost for small-production-run series. This circuit is a cost-improved version of classical QPSK ...

This paper is the study of the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation technique using AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In QPSK scheme the authors ...

The demand for greater data throughput seems endless, and it is accelerating faster than many people expected, creating bottlenecks in fiber-optics networks. Digital transmissions of 100 Gbps, which ...

Free Space Optics is the technology which implies the line-of-sight link for the transfer of data between two distant points. The beam of light is used to provide optical connection that can transmit ...

Fig 1. In this view of the architecture of an optical analyzer, the coherent reference receiver serves as the optical front end to the digitizer, taking as inputs two single-mode fibers, one carrying ...

Digital terrestrial broadcasting systems will use the QPSK-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation) modulation scheme because of its robustness in mobile environments. This report describes an ...

In modern communication systems, modulation is a key function that embeds the baseband signal (information) into a carrier wave so that it can be successfully broadcasted through a medium such as air ...