The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

Drones in construction are advanced unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras and sensors that revolutionize how construction sites are surveyed and monitored. These devices enable real-time data ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Spalling is break away of concrete surface which often extends to the top layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls may be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25mm or more in depth, and ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Quality tests on concrete are performed as a part of quality control of concrete structures. Different quality tests on concrete such as compressive strength tests, slump ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit ...

Construction tools list for building construction works such as concrete, brick masonry, leveling, wood works, floor works, slab works, brick laying, plastering etc. is provided. Every construction ...

3. Lateral Movement. It is well-known that 1 inch of lateral movement of a foundation can cause more damage than 1 inch of vertical settlement. Lateral movements occur either due to the elimination of ...

2. Aggregate Grading The particle grading of the aggregate mainly affects the quantity of mixing water required for adequate workability. Increase in the proportion of fines increases the water ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Bridge bearings are structural equipment or devices installed between bridge substructure and superstructure to transfer the applied load including earthquake loads; wind ...

An insulated glass unit (IGU) consists of multiple glass panes separated by air or a noble gas-filled cavity that reduces heat transfer and provides building insulation. Insulated glass significantly ...

How is transparent aluminum manufactured? ALON is produced by combining aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen. The manufacturing process involves pressurizing aluminum oxynitride powder to 15,000 pounds per ...