More than 4,000 years ago, Egypt and Mesopotamia stood as two of the most complex societies on the planet. But the new DNA sequencing reveals how these two populations also intermingled.

The oldest known Egyptian DNA sample offers new insights into the potential ancestry of those who belonged to the enduring civilization.

A skeleton found in a 4,500-year-old ceramic pot has rewritten the history of Ancient Egypt. A DNA test on the man’s bones has upended how historians could view the rise of Ancient Egyptian civilisation.