Many optimal control problems include a continuous nonlinear dynamic system, state, and control constraints, and final state constraints. When using dynamic programming to solve such a problem, the ...

Transcendental functions are commonly used in many fields such as nonlinear functions of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Due to nonlinearity of these functions, hardware implementation of the ...

In chemistry teaching, chemical bonding between two elements is important and fundamental content. In order to stimulate students’ interest in learning and enhance their understanding and cognition of ...