So far, running LLMs has required a large amount of computing resources, mainly GPUs. Running locally, a simple prompt with a typical LLM takes on an average Mac ...

Abstract: This article studies transfer-based black-box pedestrian attacks in traffic scenes, where an attacker aims to deceive a target model by generating malicious examples using a surrogate model.

Abstract: We present a fully memristive spiking neural network (MSNN) consisting of novel memristive neurons trained using the backpropagation through time (BPTT) learning rule. Gradient descent is ...

Using backpropagation to compute gradients of objective functions for optimization has remained a mainstay of machine learning. Backpropagation, or reverse-mode differentiation, is a special case ...