The various forms of vitamin K are all fat-soluble molecules, each with the same methylated naphthoquinone ring structure. The two main forms of vitamin K are vitamin K1 and vitamin K2.

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, has the most complex and largest chemical structure of all vitamins. This crucial compound is usually considered safe. However, excess consumption of Vitamin ...

The chemical structure of niacin was discovered in 1937 by Conrad Arnold Elvehjem. ... Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is required in the metabolism of a number of biomolecules, ...

Allergic reactions to vitamin B12 are rare, but real. The reason may sound strange, but it's true - an allergy to cobalt. What's going on here? ... To be fair to Hari, I do not know one organic ...

References [1] Vitamin B12 is not shared by all marine prototrophic bacteria with their environment. The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology (2023). [2] Cobamide Structure ...

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient for our bodies. Here's how to be sure you're getting enough of it. Sean Jackson Sean Jackson is a creative copywriter living in Florida. He's had work ...

Vitamin B12 is made by microorganisms that are found in the soil and in water. Humans can’t produce B12 by themselves so rely on these natural sources for the levels they need to function optimally.

Chemical, mineral or tinted? How to pick a sunscreen that’s best for you. July 3, 2025. ... Older adults and vegans are at higher risk of being deficient in vitamin B12.

Vitamin B12 can contribute to energy, mood, cognitive function and heart health. Read more about the benefits, deficiencies and how much you need.

Methylmalonic Acid Test Results. You may have a vitamin B12 deficiency if you have higher than normal levels of MMA. The tests don’t reveal exactly how serious your deficiency is.