Introduction In response to recent tariffs imposed on Canada by the United States, the Canadian government has introduced counter-tariffs on certain goods imported from the United States. 1 A key ...

Central bankers argue that programmable digital currencies may compromise the uniformity of money. We explore this in a stylized model where programmable money arises endogenously, and differently ...

We develop statistical inferences for a non-probability two-phase survey sample when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. To reduce selection bias and gain ...

Our paper employs smartphone data to construct an improved cash access metric by accounting for both spatial agglomeration and households’ travel patterns. We find that incorporating trip-chaining ...

View data from the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations (CSCE)—a quarterly survey aimed at measuring household views of inflation, the labour market and household finances.

What we do The Canadian Fixed-Income Forum (Forum) is a senior level industry-wide committee established by the Bank of Canada to discuss developments in fixed-income market structure and functioning, ...

Since issuing its first series of bank notes in 1935, the Bank of Canada has issued four commemorative bank notes. Each commemorative note marks an important milestone for the reigning monarch or a ...

1. The Level of the Inflation Target Canada targets 2 per cent inflation, the midpoint of a 1 to 3 per cent inflation-control target range. Since 2011, the experience of advanced economies with ...

Credit cards are an increasingly common payment method—they now make up 39 percent of retail transactions and 56 percent of the total value of goods and services purchased. They are especially popular ...

Mortgage Loan-to-Income Ratios High levels of indebtedness have spread through Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary A key vulnerability in the December 2016 Financial System Review is that of elevated ...

Trade makes the pie bigger For decades, as trade among countries has grown, so has the world’s wealth. Here in Canada, roughly 1 in 6 jobs is linked to exports. Economists estimate that incomes in ...