Artificial Intelligence | AI on Instagram: "The chain rule is a basic idea from calculus that helps us understand how changes in one variable affect another through a chain of functions. In simple terms, if one thing affects a second thing, and that second thing affects a third, we can multiply the rates of change (derivatives) to find the overall effect. This is especially useful in artificial neural networks (ANNs), where each layer transforms its input and passes it to the next. During traini